1200 BC Middle East
ME, Greece [[-1200, -1199]]
13th Century AD Eastern Mediterranean (AD 1200–1300)
Late Byzantine-Ayyubid-Mamluk Western Middle East [[1200,1300]]
1500 AD Middle East (AD 1500–1500)
ME, Greece, Indus [[1500,1500]]
2nd Millenium BCE
The second millenium BCE as defined at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC [[-2000, -1000]]
2nd Millennium BC Egypt (2000–1000 BC)
2nd Millennium BC Levant (2000–1000 BC)
MBA Levant-LBA Levant-Iron Age I Levant [not sure as these are all taken from southern Levant periodisation] [[-2000,-1000]]
3rd millennium BC
The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. As described at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_millennium_BC. [[-3000, -2000]]
4th millenium BCE
The fourth millenium BCE as defined at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_millennium_BC [[-4000, -3000]]
Abassid Middle East (AD 750–940)
ME, northern Africa [[750, 940]]
Abbasid Period in Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[750, 875]]
Achaemenid Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[-540, -330]]
Achaemenid Middle East (540–330 BC)
Achaemenid-Roman Levant (540 BC – AD 324)
Persian-Hellenistic-Roman Levant [[-540,324]]
Achaemenid-Roman Republic Middle East (540–30 BC)
Akkadian-Ur III Mesopotamia (2335–2000 BC)
Akkadian—Neo-Sumerian Mesopotamia [[-2335,-2000]]
Anglo-Saxon Period (550-1066 AD/CE)
Archaic (Greco-Roman; 750-550 BCE/BC)
The Archaic period in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is seen to begin in the year 750 and end in the year 550 before the birth of Christ. [[-750, -550]]
Ayyubid Middle East (AD 1171–1258)
Western ME [[1171,1258]]
Bronze Age Britain (ca. 2500 - ca. 800 BC/BCE)
A long time period associated with Bronze Age Britain. [[-2500, -800]]
Bronze Age Malta (ca. 2,500-700 BC)
The Bronze age as represented in the remains of physical culture from the island of Malta. [[-2500, -700]]
Bronze Age Oman (2600–1900 BC)
Persian Gulf [[-2600,-1900]]
Caliphate-Fatimid Southern Levant (AD 632–1150)
Caliphate/Rashidun-Umayyad-Abassid-Fatimid southern Levant [[632,1150]]
Caliphate-Umayyad Middle East (AD 632–750)
Early Islamic, Rashidun-Umayyad [starts with death of Muhammed who only controlled Arabia] [[632,750]]
Castro Culture (Iron Age, ca. 900 BC - 100 BC)
The Castro Culture is an archaeological term describing the material culture of Celtic peoples of the Iberian peninsula during the first millennium BC, as described at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_culture. [[-900,-100]]
Chalcolithic Iran (5000–2500 BC)
Chalcolithic Mesopotamia (6200–3750 BC)
Copper Age Mesopotamia, Halaf-Ubaid-Early Uruk Mesopotamia [[-6200,-3750]]
Classical (Greco-Roman; 550 BC-330 BC)
The Classical period in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 550 and end in the year 330 before the birth of Christ. [[-550, -330]]
Colonial-Modern Middle East (AD 1800–2000)
Late Ottoman-Colonial-Mandate Modern Middle east [[1800,2000]]
Mesolithic Middle East (18000–9000 BC)
Epipaleolithic-Protoneolithic ME [[-18000,-9000]]
Middle Bronze Age Anatolia (1750–1450 BC)
Anatolia [[-1750,-1450]]
Paleolithic Middle East (2600000–18000 BC)
Middle East [[-2600000,-18000]]
Crusader/Byzantine/Seljuq Middle East (AD 1081–1204)
Latin/1st-4th Crusades—end of Middle Byzantine—Rum/Seljuq [[1081, 1204]]
Crusader-Ottoman Levant (AD 1099–1750)
Crusader-Seljuq-Ayyubid-Mamluk-Ottoman Levant [[1099,1750]]
Crusader/Seljuq-Ayyubid Levant (AD 1099–1291)
Early Bronze Age Anatolia (2000–1750 BC)
Karum Anatolia [[-2000,-1750]]
Early Bronze Age Iran (2500–2000 BC)
Early Bronze Age Southern Levant (3300–2000 BC)
southern Levant [[-3300,-2000]]
Early Byzantine (AD 650-850)
Early Byzantine Period in areas where such designations are appropriate. [[650, 850]]
Early Dynastic Egypt (2950-2670 BCE/BC)
The Early Dynastic period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-2950, -2670]]
Early Dynastic Mesopotamia (2950–2350 BC)
Mesopotamia [[-2950,-2350]]
Early Geometric (Greek; 900-850 BC)
The Early Geometric period in ancient Greece, from 900-850 before the birth of Christ. [[-900, -850]]
Early Helladic (Mainland Greece; 3000-2000 BC)
The Early Helladic period in the Greek mainland, after Preziosi and Hitchcock, Aegean Art and Architecture, Oxford History of Art, 1998. [[-3000,-2000]]
Early Iron Age Anatolia (1200–700 BC)
incl. Mitanni [[-1200,-700]]
Early Iron Age Iran (1000–650 BC)
Pre-Classical Antiquity [[-1000,-650]]
Early Medieval Caucasus (AD 850–1200)
Bagratid, Kingdom of Armenia/Kingdom of Georgia [[850,1200]]
Early-Middle Bronze Age Iran (2500–1500 BC)
Early Minoan (Crete; 3100-2000 BC)
Early Minoan period on Crete, after Shelmerdine, The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge UP, 2008. PeriodO URI: http://n2t.net/ark:/99152/p0qp9rs8fgh. [[-3100,-2000]]
Early Ottoman Empire (AD 1453–1683)
ends with the siege of Vienna [[1453,1683]]
Egyptian/Hittite Levant (1344–1212 BC)
Elamite Western Iran (3200–540 BC)
Proto—Old—Middle—Neo-Elamite [[-3200,-540]]
Fatimid Middle East (AD 950–1150)
Western ME, northern Africa [[950,1150]]
First Intermediate Period Egypt (2168-2010 BCE/BC)
The First Intermediate Period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-2168, -2010]]
Hellenistic Central Asia
As defined by Sören Stark [[-330, -100]]
Hellenistic Middle East (330–140 BC)
Macedonian—Seleucid/Ptolemaic/Attalid/Greco-Bactrian [[-330, -140]]
Hellenistic-Parthian Middle East (330 BC – AD 226)
Seleucid-Early Roman-Arsacid Middle East [[-330,226]]
Hellenistic Greek, Roman Republic (330 BC-30 BC)
The Hellenistic period in Greek history and the middle-to-late Republican period in Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 330 and end in the year 30 before the birth of Christ. [[-330, -30]]
Hellenistic-Roman Early Empire (330 BC – AD 300)
Mediterranean [[-330,300]]
Ilkhanate Middle East (AD 1258–1335)
Ilkhanid, Hulagu, Early Mongol [[1258,1335]]
Iron Age Britain (ca. 800 BC/BCE - ca. 100 AD/CE)
A long time period associated with Iron Age Britain. [[-800, 100]]
Iron Age Italy (Latial Culture I, 1000-900 BC)
Latial I is concentrated around Rome, the Alban Hills, and the Monti della Tolfa. [[-1000, -900]]
Iron Age Southern Levant
Kangju-Yuezhi-Kushan period in Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[-100, 250]]
Khedivate Egypt (AD 1800–1922)
Muhammed Ali-Khedivate Egypt, Alawiyya Egypt, Anglo-Egyptian [[1800,1922]]
Khwarezmian Middle East (AD 1077–1258)
Khwarezmid [[1077,1258]]
Late Antique (AD 300-AD 640)
The Late Antique period in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 300 and to end in the year 640 after the birth of Christ. [[300, 640]]
Late Antique-Late Byzantine (AD 300–1450)
Late Antique/Sasanian Middle East (AD 300–640)
Late Antiquity in Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[250, 550]]
Late Bronze Age Anatolia (1600-1200 BC)
Late Bronze Age Anatolia [[-1600,-1200]]
Late Bronze Age Iran (1500–1000 BC)
Late Bronze Age Southern Levant (1400–1200 BC)
southern Levant [[-1400,-1200]]
Late Byzantine Period (AD 1200-1450)
Late Byzantine Period in contexts where such designations are appropriate. [[1200, 1450]]
Late Byzantine/Ottoman Rise (AD 1200–1453)
Aegean, Balkan & Anatolia [[1200,1453]]
Late Helladic (Mainland Greece; 1600-1200 BC)
The Late Helladic period in the Greek mainland, after Preziosi and Hitchcock, Aegean Art and Architecture, Oxford History of Art, 1998. [[-1600, -1200]]
Late Medieval Caucasus (AD 1200–1500)
Turco-Mongol, Seljuq-Georgian-Ilkhanate-Turkmen Caucasus [[1200,1500]]
Late Minoan (Crete; 1600-1080 BC/BCE)
The Late Minoan period on Crete, as defined in C. Shelmerdine, The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age (2008), p. 4. PeriodO URI: http://n2t.net/ark:/99152/p0qp9rssm67. [[-1600,-1080]]
Late Nubian (1600–350 BC)
NK-Kushite-Meroitic [[-1600,-350]]
Late Ottoman Empire (AD 1683–1918)
ME, Balkan, Northern Africa [[1683,1918]]
Late Period Egypt (664-332)
The Late Period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-664, -332]]
Later 2nd Millennium BC Mesopotamia (1600–1000 BC)
Middle Assyrian/Middle Babylonian/Kassite Mesopotamia, LBA-Early Iron Age Mesopotamia, incl. Sea Peoples [[-1600,-1000]]
Macedonian Egypt (332-304 BCE/BC)
The Macedonian period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-332, -304]]
Mamluk Middle East (AD 1258–1516)
Western ME [[1258,1516]]
Mediaeval/Byzantine (AD 641-AD 1453)
The Mediaeval period in the West, or the period from the end of Late Antiquity (640) to the fall of Constantinople in the East (1453). [[640, 1453]]
Mesolithic Europe (13,000-8,000 BC)
The cultural period lying between paleolithic and neolithic, as described at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithic [[-13000,-8000]]
Mesolithic Levant (18000–9500 BC)
Epipaleolithic-Protoneolithic Levant, Kebaran-Natufian [[-18000,-9500]]
Middle Bronze Age Iran (2000–1500 BC)
Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant (2000–1400 BC)
southern Levant [[-2000,-1400]]
Middle Bronze-Early Iron Age Iran (2000–650 BC)
Middle Byzantine (AD 850-1200)
Middle Byzantine period in areas where such designations are appropriate. [[850, 1200]]
Middle Geometric (Greek; 850-750 BC)
The Middle Geometric period in ancient Greece, from 850-750 before the birth of Christ. [[-850, -750]]
Middle Helladic (Mainland Greece; 2000-1600 BC)
The Middle Helladic period in the Greek mainland, after Preziosi and Hitchcock, Aegean Art and Architecture, Oxford History of Art, 1998. [[-2000, -1600]]
Middle Hittite Anatolia (1450–1200 BC)
New Kingdom Hittite [[-1450,-1200]]
Middle Kingdom Egypt (2010-1640 BCE/BC)
The Middle Kingdom period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-2010, -1640]]
Middle-Late Iron Age Anatolia (700–500 BC)
Anatolia [[-700,-500]]
Middle Nubian (2300–1600 BC)
C-Group—Kerma—Middle Nubian—Pan-Grave—MK [[-2300,-1600]]
Middle Minoan (Crete; 2000-1600 BC/BCE)
The Middle Minoan period on Crete, as defined in C. Shelmerdine, The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age (2008), p. 4, figure 1.1. [[-2000,-1600]]
Modern (AD 1700-Present)
Our present, modern era. [[1700, 2100]]
Modern Middle East (AD 1918–2000)
Mongol Middle East (AD 1258–1501)
ME, Central Asia [[1258,1501]]
Natufian Levant (12500–9500 BC)
Neo-Assyrian/Babylonian Middle East (720–540 BC)
Neo-Babylonian—Achaemenid Southern Levant (587–330 BC)
southern Levant [[-587,-330]]
Neo-Hittite Northern Levant (1200–700 BC)
Syro-Hittite Northern Levant [[-1200,-700]]
Neolithic Period (British Isles; 4,000-2,500 BC)
The Neolithic period in the British Isles, after Wikipedia, Neolithic British Isles, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_British_Isles. [[-4000, -2500]]
Neolithic Period in the Eastern Mediterranean (ca. 10,000-3,300 BC)
The so-called "Neolithic" or "New Stone Age" period as defined in the Eastern portion of the Mediterranean basin, lasting roughly from 10,000 - 3,300 BC. See further: http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/artarchaeologyarchitect/g/neolithic.htm [[-10000, -3300]]
Neolithic Egypt (6000-4500 BCE/BC)
The Neolithic period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-6000, -4500]]
Neolithic Period on Malta (ca. 5,000-2,500BC)
The neolithic or so-called "New Stone Age" as expressed in remains of physical culture on the island of Malta, where it appears to have lasted from around 5,000 to 2,500 BC [[-5000, -2500]]
Neolithic Middle East (9000–4500 BC)
New Kingdom Egypt (1548-1086)
The New Kingdom period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-1548, -1086]]
Old Babylonian/Assyrian Mesopotamia (2000–1600 BC)
Mesopotamia [[-2000,-1600]]
Old Hittite Anatolia (1650–1450 BC)
Old-Middle Kingdom Hittite [[-1650,-1450]]
Old Kingdom Egypt (2670-2168 BCE/BC)
The Old Kingdom period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-2670, -2168]]
Old Nubian (3800–2300 BC)
A-Group/Old Nubian—Middle Nubian—OK [[-3800,-2300]]
Ottoman Decline-Mandate Middle East (AD 1900–1950)
Ottoman Empire (AD 1513–1918)
ME, Balkan, Northern Africa [[1513,1918]]
Ottoman Rise (AD 1300–1453)
ends with the conquest of Constantinople [[1300, 1453]]
Parthian Middle East (140 BC – AD 226)
Arsacid ME [[-140,226]]
Persian-Medieval Caucasus (AD 600–1500)
Persian—Arabic—Early Medieval—Middle Medieval—Turco-Mongol/Late Medieval Caucasus [[600,1500]]
Perso-Ottoman-Russian Caucasus (AD 1500–1918)
Safavid-Qajar-Ottoman Empire-Russian Empire Caucasus [[1500,1918]]
Pottery Neolithic Middle East (6000–4500 BC)
Pre-Islamic Early Middle Ages in Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[550, 750]]
Pre-Pottery Neolithic Middle East (9000–6000 BC)
Aceramic Neolithic ME [[-9000,-6000]]
Predynastic Egypt (4500-2950 BCE/BC)
The predynastic period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-4500, -2950]]
Proto-Byzantine (AD 500–650)
Early Byzantine; includes Justinian I [[500, 650]]
Ptolemaic Egypt (304-30 BCE/BC)
The Ptolemaic period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-304, -30]]
Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt (304 BC – AD 640)
Qarakhanid Period in Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[1000, 1200]]
Roman, early Empire (30 BC-AD 300)
The Roman period (i.e., the early Roman Empire) in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 30 before the birth of Christ and to end in the year 300 after the birth of Christ. [[-30, 300]]
Roman-Early Byzantine Middle East (140 BC – AD 850)
Roman Early Empire-Late Antique (30 BC – AD 640)
Mediterranean [[-30,640]]
Roman Early Empire/Parthian Middle East (30 BC – AD 226)
Early Roman/Parthian [[-30, 226]]
Roman Middle East (140 BC – AD 640)
Roman-Umayyad Levant (37 BC – AD 1099)
Roman-Byzantine-Caliphate-Umayyad Levant [[-37,1099]]
Rum/Crusader Anatolia (AD 1077–1307)
Seljuk-Latin States/Francocracy [[1077, 1307]]
Safavid Middle East (AD 1501–1725)
Eastern ME, Central Asia [[1501,1725]]
Samanid-Ghaznavid Iran (AD 819–1186)
Samanid Period in Central Asia
Period as defined by Sören Stark [[875, 1000]]
Sassanian Middle East (AD 262–700)
Sassanid [[262,700]]
Second Intermediate Period Egypt (1640-1548)
The Second Intermediate period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-1640, -1548]]
Seljuq-Khwarezmian Middle East (AD 1037–1258)
Seljuq Middle East (AD 1037–1150)
Great Seljuq Empire [[1037,1150]]
Stone Age Oman (125000–3200 BC)
Persian Gulf [[-125000,-3200]]
Third Intermediate Period Egypt (1086-664)
The Third Intermediate period in Egypt, following the chronology of the UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (compiled by Thomas Schneider): http://www.uee.ucla.edu/contributors/chronology.htm. [[-1086, -664]]
Timurid Middle East (AD 1370–1501)
Eastern ME, Central Asia [[1370,1501]]
Transition Early-Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant (2100–1900 BC)
southern Levant [[-2100,-1900]]
Transition Roman Early Empire-Late Antique (AD 284–337)
Mediterranean [[284, 337]]
Ubaid period in Mesopotamia (ca. 6500 to 3800 BC)
The prehistoric Ubaid period of Mesopotamia, as defined by Wikipedia following Carter, Robert A. and Philip, Graham Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, Number 63) The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (2010) ISBN 978-1-885923-66-0 p.2, at http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/saoc/saoc63.html [[-6500, -3800]]
Ubaid-Early Dynastic II Mesopotamia (5500–2600 BC)
Late Chalcolithic-ED II Mesopotamia, Ubaid-Uruk-Jemdet Nasr-ED Mesopotamia [[-5500,-2600]]
Ummayad Period (661-750CE)
The period of the Umayyad Caliphate as defined by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate [[661, 750]]
Urartian Eastern Anatolia (900–600 BC)
eastern Anatolia [[-900,-600]]
Uruk Mesopotamia (4000–2950 BC)
Protoliterate Mesopotamia [[-4000,-2950]]
The date ranges of these named time periods are encoded at the tail end of their descriptions (under Metadata tab) using the format [[start, end]] (e.g. [[-1000,-900]]). Please bear with us while we work on getting these sorted temporally and spatially.